Article type: Literature Review
Article title: Unraveling belly dancer’s dyskinesia and other puzzling diagnostic contortions: A narrative literature review
Journal: Brain Circulation
Year: 2024
Authors: Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Nilofar Murtaza Vora, Irra Tariq, Vanshika Batra, Ana Letícia Fornari Caprara
E-mail: jamirrissardo@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Belly dancer's dyskinesia (BDD) is characterized by involuntary abdominal wall movements that are rhythmic, repetitive, and dyskinetic. The present study aims to review BDD's etiology, pathophysiology, and management. We searched six databases to locate existing reports on BDD published from 1990 to October 2023 in electronic form. A total of 47 articles containing 59 cases were found. The majority of the patients affected by BDD were female, accounting for 61.01% (36/59) of the cases. The mean and median ages were 49.8 (standard deviation: 21.85) and 52 years (range: 7-85), respectively. The BDD was unilateral in only 3.38% (2/59). The most commonly reported causes associated with BDD were 17 idiopathic, 11 drug-induced, 11 postsurgical procedures, 5 pregnancies, and 4 Vitamin B12 deficiencies. BDD is a diagnosis of exclusion, and other more common pathologies with similar presentation should be ruled out initially. Differential diagnostic reasoning should include diaphragmatic myoclonus, cardiac conditions, truncal dystonia, abdominal motor seizures, propriospinal myoclonus, and functional or psychiatric disorders.
Keywords: belly dancer dyskinesia; belly dancer’s sign; dyskinesia; movement disorder.
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DOI
Citation
Rissardo JP, Vora NM, Tariq I, Batra V, Caprara AL. Unraveling belly dancer’s dyskinesia and other puzzling diagnostic contortions: A narrative literature review. Brain Circ 2024;10:106-18.
Figure 1. Proposed pathophysiology of belly dancer’s dyskinesia. The references correspond to the possible lesions related to the development of belly dancer’s dyskinesia. BDD: Belly dancer’s dyskinesia.
Table 1. FreeText and Medical Subject Headings search terms in the US National Library of Medicine.
Table 2. Cases of belly dancer’s dyskinesia reported in the literature.
Table 3. Cases of abdominal movements secondary to seizures reported in the literature.