Functional Movement Disorders - Phenomenology Atlas
Functional Jerks
Video 15.1 (C15c1): Functional Generalized Jerks
Variable jerking movements of the head, trunk, pelvis, and right hand with gait-triggered tremulousness.
Video 15.2 (C15c2): Functional Facial and Cervical Jerks
Variable neck jerks associated with downward eyebrow and mouth pulling.
Video 15.3 (C15c3): Functional Whole-Body Jerks
Continuous jerking of the trunk, head, arms, and legs exacerbated by standing and writing.
Video 15.4 (C15c4): Functional Jerks with Astasia-Abasia
Jerks suppressed by mental distraction and accompanied by highly incongruent gait impairment.
Video 15.5 (C15c5): Functional Multifocal Jerks
Asynchronous limb and truncal jerks with tremulous, pseudo-asterixis-like movements.
Video 15.6 (C15c6): Functional Propriospinal-Like Jerks
Generalized body jerks mimicking propriospinal myoclonus but demonstrating preparatory movements and nonphysiologic spread.
Video 15.7 (C15c7): Functional Hyperkinetic Movement Disorder
Continuous twisting, posturing, clapping, and inability to remain still in the context of psychosocial stress.
Video 15.8 (C15c8): Functional Violent Whole-Body Jerks
Frequent generalized violent jerks involving neck, trunk, arms, and vocalization.
Video 15.9 (C15c9): Functional Jerks with Distractibility
Small-amplitude hand jerks evolving into dramatic bilateral arm jerks responsive to distraction.
Video 15.10 (C15c10): Functional Tremor and Jerks
Distractible intermittent jerks and tremor paradoxically improving during challenging tasks.
Video 15.11 (C15c11): Functional Jerking Episode with Convergence Spasm
Paroxysmal violent flailing movements followed by convergence spasm.
Functional Tremor
Video 15.12 (C15c12): Functional Gait Disorder with Shaking
Astasia-abasia and truncal flexion occurring only during standing and walking.
Video 15.13 (C15c13): Functional Cervical Tremor
Variable neck shaking with astasia-abasia gait and nonphysiologic spiral findings.
Video 15.14 (C15c14): Functional Generalized Shaking
Variable-amplitude shaking affecting limbs and trunk with dramatic gait impairment.
Video 15.15 (C15c15): Functional Leg Shaking
Continuous leg shaking accompanied by relative indifference and preserved coordination.
Video 15.16 (C15c16): Functional Gait Disorder
Highly unusual gait with excessive stepping, pelvic tilting, and preserved tandem abilities.
Video 15.17 (C15c17): Functional Leg Tremor
Variable bilateral leg shaking with knee-knocking and astasia-abasia features.
Video 15.18 (C15c18): Functional Upper-Limb Tremor
Complex variable tremor with preserved finger-to-nose accuracy and inconsistent disability.
Video 15.19 (C15c19): Functional Head and Truncal Tremor
Continuous head movements relieved by turning the head and accompanied by gait bouncing.
Video 15.20 (C15c20): Functional Gait and Tremor Syndrome
Bouncing gait, give-way weakness, and prominent astasia-abasia.
Video 15.21 (C15c21): Generalized Functional Tremor
Variable whole-body shaking with differing phenomenology during sitting versus standing.
Video 15.22 (C15c22): Distractible Functional Tremor
Body shaking improving with motor entrainment and distraction.
Video 15.23 (C15c23): Functional Tremor with Speech Disturbance
Arm shaking and speech changes provoked by simple motor tasks.
Video 15.24 (C15c24): Functional Arm Tremor
Tremor during action without impairment of target accuracy.
Video 15.25 (C15c25): Functional Monomelic Tremor
Persistent unilateral arm tremor with inconsistent neurologic findings.
Video 15.26 (C15c26): Entrainable Functional Tremor
Bilateral arm tremor suppressed by contralateral motor tasks.
Video 15.27 (C15c27): Functional Generalized Shaking
Whole-body shaking relieved by purposeful movements and targeting tasks.
Video 15.28 (C15c28): Functional Tremor Mimicking Parkinson Disease
Rest, postural, and action tremor lacking characteristic Parkinsonian features.
Video 15.29 (C15c29): Functional Facial Pulling and Tremor
Facial asymmetry, truncal flexion movements, belching, and task-dependent tremor.
Video 15.30 (C15c30): Functional Generalized Tremor
Continuous variable shaking with spontaneous imbalance and astasia-abasia.
Video 15.31 (C15c31): Distractible Functional Tremor
Latency-dependent hand tremor abolished by cognitive distraction.
Video 15.32 (C15c32): Functional Rest Tremor with Gait Disorder
Variable unilateral tremor and incongruent leg-dragging gait.
Video 15.33 (C15c33): Functional Bilateral Tremor
Asynchronous rest tremor with variable suppression and nonphysiologic spiral performance.
Functional Spasms and Functional Dystonia
Video 15.34 (C15c34): Functional Spasm Episode
Severe episodic posturing, breathing difficulty, and impaired ambulation.
Video 15.35 (C15c35): Functional Generalized Spasm
Sustained limb and facial posturing with retained interaction during the episode.
Video 15.36 (C15c36): Functional Dystonic Attacks
Stress-related painful sustained posturing with preserved awareness.
Video 15.37 (C15c37): Functional Generalized Dystonia
Continuous complex posturing involving all four limbs.
Video 15.38 (C15c38): Functional Paroxysmal Limb Posturing
Episodic arm dystonia evolving from tremor-like movements.
Video 15.39 (C15c39): Functional Painful Hand Posturing
Jerking hand movements relieved by dramatic flinging behaviors.
Video 15.40 (C15c40): Functional Mixed Hyperkinetic Syndrome
Combination of leg bouncing, arm jerks, facial movements, and neck turning.
Video 15.41 (C15c41): Functional Fixed Finger Flexion
Fixed finger postures resistant to passive manipulation.
Video 15.42 (C15c42): Functional Fixed Dystonia of the Hand
Persistent flexed finger posture with immediate recurrence after correction.
Video 15.43 (C15c43): Functional Dystonia with Jerks
Alternating sustained postures and jerking forearm movements.
Video 15.44 (C15c44): Functional Dystonic Attack
Progression from finger tremor to whole-arm, neck, and trunk involvement.
Video 15.45 (C15c45): Functional Limb Posturing with Gait Impairment
Task-induced arm posturing and nonphysiologic lower-limb dysfunction.
Video 15.46 (C15c46): Functional Facial Spasms
Difficulty closing eyes during attacks with atypical facial contractions.
Video 15.47 (C15c47): Mild Functional Jaw Movement Disorder
Essentially normal examination except intermittent jaw movements.
Video 15.48 (C15c48): Functional Cranio-Cervical Spasms
Repetitive jaw opening, eye closure, facial pulling, and neck flexion.
Video 15.49 (C15c49): Functional Eye Closure Episode
Eye closure with eyebrow elevation and nonanatomic ocular findings.
Video 15.50 (C15c50): Functional Arm Posturing
Jerky arm movements with preference for sustained flexed posture.
Video 15.51 (C15c51): Functional Foot Dystonia
Persistent inversion and adduction posture with inconsistent weakness.
Video 15.52 (C15c52): Functional Upper-Limb Dystonia
Sustained finger and arm flexion despite preserved target-directed movements.
Video 15.53 (C15c53): Functional Gait Disorder with Leg Buckling
Inconsistent lower-limb dysfunction persisting across different gait tasks.
Functional Parkinsonism
Video 15.54 (C15c54): Functional Bradykinesia
Apparent slowness without decrement, rigidity, or gait abnormality.
Video 15.55 (C15c55): Functional Reduced Arm Swing
Absent arm swing despite preserved dexterity and normal motor testing.
Video 15.56 (C15c56): Functional Parkinsonism
Effortful movements, variable slowness, distractible involuntary tapping, and collapses inconsistent with organic parkinsonism.
Functional Voice Disorders
Video 15.57 (C15c57): Functional Breathing and Voice Disorder
Paroxysmal stridor, dyspnea, and vocal dysfunction triggered during examination.
Video 15.58 (C15c58): Functional Speech Disorder
Inconsistent low-pitched speech with intrusive consonant production.
Video 15.59 (C15c59): Functional Voice Tremor/Spasm
Neck and vocal intrusions during speech disappearing with altered speaking patterns and singing.