C12c204 (Video 12.204): Writer's Cramp with Abnormal Pen Grip
Thumb, index, and middle finger dystonia triggered specifically during writing.
C12c205 (Video 12.205): Writer's Cramp with Alternative Grip Strategy
Thumb-base dystonia improved by holding the pen between different fingers.
C12c206 (Video 12.206): Writer's Cramp with Proximal Arm Involvement
Writing induces dystonia extending into the forearm and shoulder.
C12c207 (Video 12.207): Writer's Cramp with Finger Extension
Writing triggers dystonic extension of digits three through five.
C12c208 (Video 12.208): Wrist Extension Writer's Cramp
Writing activates wrist extension with thumb and index finger flexion.
C12c209 (Video 12.209): Proximal Writer's Cramp
Internal shoulder rotation and proximal arm dystonia interfere with writing.
C12c210 (Video 12.210): Task-Specific Writer's Cramp
Clear loss of writing fluency attributable to dystonic activation.
C12c211 (Video 12.211): Thumb-Index Writer's Cramp
Task-specific flexion dystonia affecting thumb and index finger.
C12c212 (Video 12.212): Multi-Finger Writer's Cramp
Flexion dystonia involving thumb, index, and middle fingers.
C12c213 (Video 12.213): Writer's Cramp with Typing Dystonia
Writing and keyboard use trigger prominent finger flexion.
C12c214 (Video 12.214): Writer's Cramp Involving Thumb and Index Finger
Classic task-specific hand dystonia extending to typing tasks.
C12c215 (Video 12.215): Writer's Cramp with Mirror Dystonia
Writing-induced dystonia accompanied by dystonic movements in the opposite hand.
C12c216 (Video 12.216): Grip-Responsive Writer's Cramp
Alternative pen positioning partially relieves dystonic posturing.
C12c217 (Video 12.217): Extensor Writer's Cramp
Thumb extension dystonia disrupts pen control during writing.
C12c218 (Video 12.218): Writer's Cramp with Adaptive Techniques
Use of multiple compensatory pen grips to improve handwriting.
C12c219 (Video 12.219): Flexor Writer's Cramp
Thumb, index finger, and wrist flexion relieved by changing pen position.
C12c220 (Video 12.220): Mirror Dystonia Demonstration
Writing with the unaffected hand triggers dystonic movements of the affected limb.
C12c221 (Video 12.221): Writer's Cramp with Contralateral Overflow
Mirror flexion dystonia elicited by writing with the opposite hand.
C12c222 (Video 12.222): Writer's Cramp Clarified by Mirror Dystonia
Mirror overflow identifies the primary dystonic movement pattern.
C12c223 (Video 12.223): Severe Writer's Cramp with Glove Sensory Trick
Marked writing dystonia improved by wearing a glove.
C12c224 (Video 12.224): Mixed Flexion-Extension Writer's Cramp
Complex finger dystonia partially responsive to sensory tricks.
C12c225 (Video 12.225): Severe Writer's Cramp with Mirror Overflow
Pronounced mirror dystonia accompanying task-specific writing impairment.
C12c226 (Video 12.226): Severe Writer's Cramp with Temporary Improvement
Brief improvement after strenuous hand exercise.
C12c227 (Video 12.227): Writer's Cramp with Counter-Pressure Maneuver
Mechanical opposition of dystonic movement modestly improves handwriting.
C12c228 (Video 12.228): Writer's Cramp Before and After Botulinum Toxin
Ultrasound-guided treatment significantly improves writing and mirror dystonia.
C12c229 (Video 12.229): Complex Writer's Cramp Responding to Botulinum Toxin
Enhanced writing speed, fluidity, and reduction of dystonic posturing after treatment.
C12c230 (Video 12.230): Extension-Type Writer's Cramp
Improved writing performance following targeted botulinum toxin injections.
Other Arm and Sports Dystonias
C12c231 (Video 12.231): Texting and Typing Dystonia
Task-specific flexion of the index finger during texting and typing, improved by removing the index finger from the motor task ("fingerectomy maneuver").
C12c232 (Video 12.232): Archery Dystonia
Task-specific scapular dystonia impairing stabilization of the bow during archery.
C12c233 (Video 12.233): Table Tennis Dystonia
Complex dystonia involving elbow adduction, flexion, and forearm supination disrupting paddle control.
C12c234 (Video 12.234): Baseball Throwing Dystonia
Task-specific throwing dystonia causing loss of control during baseball throws from shortstop to first base.
C12c235 (Video 12.235): Finger Dystonia with Typing Impairment
Index finger extension dystonia improved after targeted lumbrical botulinum toxin injections.
C12c236 (Video 12.236): Upper Limb Dystonia with Mirror Overflow
Right hand dystonia affecting writing and typing, associated with mirror movements.
C12c237 (Video 12.237): Tennis Dystonia
Task-specific dystonia triggered while gripping and using a tennis racquet.
C12c238 (Video 12.238): Rest and Postural Hand Dystonia
Dystonic finger and wrist flexion most apparent during supination.
C12c239 (Video 12.239): Proximal Shoulder Girdle Dystonia
Complex dystonic movements involving the scapula and shoulder at rest.