NeuroTeach 5 - Babinski reflex

 Babinski and Friends!!!

“Loss of descending pyramidal control of the reflex arc to suppress extensor withdrawal results in the upgoing toes in the plantar reflex known as Babinski's sign”

1st described by Joseph Babinskiin 1896

2) Bing's sign

“pricking of the dorsum of foot or the 1st toe with a pin” discovered by Swiss neurologist Paul Robert Bing (1878–1956)

3) Cornell's sign

“stroking the dorsum of foot along the extensor tendon of the 1st toe” discovered by American neuropsychologist Ethel Letitia Cornell (1892–1963)

4) Chaddock reflex

“stroking the skin around the lateral malleolus in a circle” discovered by American neurologist Charles Gilbert Chaddock (1861–1936)

5) Gonda's sign

“forceful stretching and snapping of the 2nd or 4th toe downwards” discovered by Ukrainian neuropsychiatrist Viktor Gonda (1889–1959)

6) Gordon's sign

“application of deep pressure to the calf muscle” discovered by French-American neurologist Alfred Gordon (1874–1953)

7) Moniz sign

“ankle is forcibly and passively plantar flexed” discovered by Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz (1874–1955)

8) Oppenheim sign

“anterior surface of tibia is compressed by thumb and index finger” discovered by German neurologist Hermann Oppenheim (1858–1919)

9) Schaeffer's sign

“application of deep pressure on the Achilles tendon” discovered by German neurologist Max Schaeffer (1852–1923)

10) Silva's sign

“pinching the rectus femoris muscle” discovered by Chilean neurologist Carlos R Silva-Rosas

11) Stransky sign “abduction and snapping of 5th toe” discovered by Viennese neurologist Erwin Stransky (1877–1962)

12) Strümpell sign

“deep pressure application on the anterior tibia” discovered by German neurologist Ernst Adolf Gustav Gottfried Strümpell (1853–1925)

13) Throckmorton's reflex

“pressure over the dorsal side of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe” discovered by American neurologist Tom Bentley Throckmorton (1885–1961)

14) Mendel-Bechtrew Sign

“tapping of dorsum of foot over the cuboid bone” discovered by Russian neurologist Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927) and German neurologist Kurt Mendel (1874–1946)

15) Rossolimo's sign

“Tapping the ball of the foot or flicking and snapping the distal phalanges of the toes into extension” discovered by Russian neurologist Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo (1860–1928)

16) Brissaud's reflex

“In patients with a missing great toe or complete paralysis of toe extension, the contraction of tensor fascia lata can be observed” discovered by French pathologist Édouard Brissaud (1852–1909)

17) Szapiro's sign

“pressure against dorsum of 2nd to 5th toes” discovered by Polish neurologist Marek Szapiro (1917-2002)

18) Allen & Clerckley sign

“Sharp upward click of 2nd toe” discovered by Lane Allen and American psychiatrist Hervey Cleckley (1903–1984)

19) Zhukovsky - Kornilov reflex

“Tapping in the middle of the sole at the base of the toes” Short-term plantar flexion of the fingers (“nod of the fingers”) of the foot

20) Weingrow phenomenon

“Tapping on base of heel” discovered by American neurologist and neurosurgeon Samuel Meyer Weingrow (1901–1973)

21) Viteka reflex

“Taping on the inside of the foot” Short-term plantar flexion of the fingers (“nod of the fingers”) of the foot. Some can present upward response of the hallux.

22) Puusepp's sign

“eliciting does not differ from Babinsk. But, response is different and consists of a tonic slow abduction of the little toe” discovered by Estonian neurologist and neurosurgeon Ludvig Puusepp (1875–1942)

23) Austregésilo's sign

“stroking the skin of the anterior or inner thigh” also, "patellar Babinski," patellar downward pressure leading to upward hallux developed by Brazilian neurologist Antônio Austregésilo (1876–1960)