Video 5.1 (C5c3): OPCA with Cerebellar Ataxia
Mild scanning dysarthria, ocular dysmetria, appendicular incoordination, and wide-based gait with MRI evidence of olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Video 5.2 (C5c4): OPCA with Mild Autonomic Involvement
Scanning speech, appendicular dysmetria, and moderately wide-based gait consistent with olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Video 5.3 (C5c6): OPCA with Ocular Dysmetria
Scanning speech, end-gaze nystagmus, ocular dysmetria, limb dysmetria, and mild gait ataxia with vermian cerebellar atrophy.
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Video 5.4 (C5c7): MSA with Parkinsonian and Cerebellar Features
Symmetric parkinsonism, wide-based stance, severe gait impairment, and preserved saccadic eye movements.
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Video 5.5 (C5c9): Cerebellar-Predominant MSA
Severe dysarthria, prominent square wave jerks, marked limb dysmetria, and unstable wide-based gait requiring a walker.
Video 5.6 (C5c12): Mild Cerebellar MSA
Mild dysarthria, subtle cerebellar signs, preserved ocular movements, and mildly wide-based gait.
Video 5.7 (C5c16): Mixed Parkinsonian-Cerebellar MSA
Facial masking, symmetric bradykinesia, ocular dysmetria, gait freezing, and postural instability.
Video 5.8 (C5c17): MSA with Diplophonia
Symmetric parkinsonism accompanied by diplophonia, dysmetria, freezing on turning, and impaired balance.
Video 5.9 (C5c18): Parkinsonian-Predominant MSA
Moderately severe symmetric parkinsonism with diplophonia, preserved eye movements, and stooped gait.
Video 5.10 (C5c19): MSA with Parkinsonism and Cerebellar Dysfunction
Hypophonia, dysarthria, ocular dysmetria, bradykinesia, limb incoordination, and unsteady parkinsonian gait.
Video 5.11 (C5c20): MSA with Hot-Cross-Bun Sign
Asymmetric parkinsonism, wide-based gait, imbalance, and MRI evidence of cerebellar and pontine atrophy.
Video 5.12 (C5c22): MSA with Anterocollis
Parkinsonism associated with progressive anterocollis, hypophonia, and reduced arm swing.
Video 5.13 (C5c23): MSA with Severe Anterocollis
Moderate symmetric parkinsonism and marked chin-on-chest posture despite preserved neck extensor strength.
Video 5.14 (C5c28): MSA with Nocturnal Stridor
Parkinsonism with truncal lean and life-threatening nocturnal stridor preceding respiratory decline.
Video 5.15 (C5c30): MSA with Inspiratory Stridor
Severe inspiratory stridor improved after tracheostomy, with only mild residual parkinsonism.
Video 5.16 (C5c31): Acute Stridor in MSA
Marked inspiratory stridor with minimal parkinsonian signs requiring urgent tracheostomy.
Video 5.17 (C5c33): Advanced MSA with Pisa Syndrome
Dysarthria, diplophonia, atremulous parkinsonism, truncal tilt, and characteristic hot-cross-bun MRI sign.
Video 5.18 (C5c34): MSA with Parkinsonism and Ataxia
Scanning dysarthria, diplophonia, severe bradykinesia, appendicular dysmetria, truncal tilt, and micrographia.
Video 5.19 (C5c35): Advanced Mixed-Phenotype MSA
Severe parkinsonism, rigidity, square wave jerks, cerebellar dysmetria, and profound gait dependence.
Video 5.20 (C5c39): Pathologically Confirmed MSA
Asymmetric bradykinesia with preserved gait and prominent macrosaccadic oscillations; autopsy confirmed multiple system atrophy.
Video 5.21 (C5c40): MSA with Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias
Asymmetric parkinsonism responsive to levodopa, with prominent on-state dyskinesias and later pathological confirmation of MSA.