Myoclonus Phenomenology Atlas (Part 2): Cranial, Brainstem, Spinal and Peripheral Myoclonus
Video 10.14 (C10c14): Palatal Myoclonus with Ear and Scalp Involvement
Irregular palatal, auricular, and scalp myoclonus.
Video 10.15 (C10c15): Essential Palatal Myoclonus
Fast arrhythmic palatal movements disappearing during speech.
Video 10.16 (C10c16): Progressive Ataxia with Palatal Tremor (PAPT)
Palatal tremor, pendular nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, and hypertrophic olivary degeneration.
Video 10.17 (C10c17): Oculopalatal Tremor
Horizontal pendular nystagmus with synchronous jaw myoclonus.
Video 10.18 (C10c18): Lower Cranial Myoclonus
Perioral myoclonus relieved by an oral sensory trick.
Video 10.19 (C10c19): Brainstem Myoclonus
SCM and neck muscle myoclonus dependent on jaw position.
Video 10.20 (C10c20): Reticular Brainstem Myoclonus
Synchronous axial and cranial muscle myoclonus arising from the lower brainstem.
Video 10.21 (C10c21): Spinal Segmental Myoclonus of the Trunk
Semi-rhythmic thoracoabdominal myoclonus causing forced expirations.
Video 10.22 (C10c22): Abdominal Spinal Segmental Myoclonus
Stimulus-insensitive abdominal jerks worsened by body position.
Video 10.23 (C10c23): Thoracolumbar Segmental Myoclonus
Abdominal and paraspinal myoclonus generated from the lower thoracic-upper lumbar region.
Video 10.24 (C10c24): Levetiracetam-Responsive Spinal Segmental Myoclonus
Thoracoabdominal myoclonus with dramatic pharmacologic response.
Video 10.25 (C10c25): Paraneoplastic Positive and Negative Myoclonus
Leg myoclonus impairing gait and responsive to alcohol and sodium oxybate.
Video 10.26 (C10c26): Severe Paraneoplastic Gait Myoclonus
Wheelchair-dependent action and negative myoclonus improved by sodium oxybate.
Video 10.27 (C10c27): Propriospinal Myoclonus
Stimulus-triggered bilateral axial and leg jerks with spinal propagation.
Video 10.28 (C10c28): Reflex-Sensitive Propriospinal Myoclonus
Abdominal flexion jerks triggered by exhalation and tendon reflexes.
Video 10.29 (C10c29): Hemifacial Spasm with Synkinesis
Clonic facial contractions with residual facial weakness.
Video 10.30 (C10c30): Hemifacial Spasm with Tonic Closure
Upper and lower facial spasm with Bell phenomenon and synkinesias.
Video 10.31 (C10c31): Classic Hemifacial Spasm
Unilateral tonic and clonic facial contractions with synkinetic movements.
Video 10.32 (C10c32): Secondary Hemifacial Spasm
Right hemifacial spasm caused by a parapontine meningioma.
Video 10.33 (C10c33): Idiopathic Shoulder-Girdle Myoclonus
Intermittent proximal arm myoclonus likely arising from the brachial plexus.
Video 10.34 (C10c34): Painful Shoulder-Girdle Myoclonus
Asynchronous multifocal myoclonus involving proximal arm and shoulder muscles.
Video 10.35 (C10c35): Peripheral Myoclonus of the Quadriceps
Position-dependent quadriceps myoclonus after minor leg injury.
Video 10.36 (C10c36): Peripheral Toe Myoclonus Responsive to Botulinum Toxin
Continuous toe twitching eliminated by targeted ultrasound-guided injections.
Video 10.37 (C10c37): Abdominal Wall Myoclonus
Bilateral anterior abdominal myoclonic contractions while seated.
Video 10.38 (C10c38): Paraspinal Myoclonus Responsive to Botulinum Toxin
Large-amplitude posterior trunk jerks relieved by ultrasound-guided injections.
Video 10.39 (C10c39): Lumbar Myoclonus Treated with Botulinum Toxin
Lower back muscle myoclonus improved markedly after targeted treatment.