Parkinson’s Disease - Phenomenology Atlas
Video 2.1 (C2c8): Early Parkinsonism with Left Foot Tremor
Slight left-sided bradykinesia with decrement on finger and foot tapping, accompanied by a positional 4 to 5 Hz left foot tremor. Gait was preserved.
Video 2.2 (C2c27): Parkin-Associated PD with Foot Dystonia
Young-onset parkinsonism with marked symptomatic response to levodopa. Examination showed impaired left foot tapping and task-induced left foot dystonia during walking, while running and backward walking remained normal.
Video 2.3 (C2c31): Typical Asymmetric Parkinson's Disease
Classic parkinsonian features including facial masking, reduced blink rate, hypophonia, mild left-predominant bradykinesia, and reduced left arm swing.
Video 2.4 (C2c33): Off-State Parkinsonism with Micrographia
Right-sided rest tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and reduced arm swing in the medication off state. Progressive micrographia was demonstrated during writing.
Video 2.5 (C2c43): Advanced PD with Rest Tremor
Moderate parkinsonism with facial masking, prominent right-hand rest tremor, bilateral bradykinesia, right-sided cogwheeling, and reduced right arm swing.
Video 2.6 (C2c50): LRRK2-Associated Parkinson's Disease
Asymmetric left-sided parkinsonism characterized by bradykinesia, impaired left foot tapping, and markedly reduced left arm swing. Genetic testing confirmed an LRRK2 G2019S mutation.
Video 2.7 (C2c51): Pseudo-Hemiparetic Parkinson's Disease
Marked unilateral slowness and rigidity producing a hemiparetic appearance, despite preserved ability to run normally.
Video 2.8 (C2c52): Parkin-Associated Early-Onset PD
Mild facial masking, bilateral resting tremor, appendicular bradykinesia, and left foot inversion during gait.
Video 2.9 (C2c56): Dopamine Agonist-Induced Anterocollis
Moderate anterocollis with preserved neck strength secondary to rotigotine therapy, which improved substantially after drug discontinuation.
Video 2.10 (C2c68): Advanced PD with Dyskinesia and Retro-Arm-Swing
On-state dyskinesias involving the head, neck, trunk, and left side of the body, with characteristic retro-arm-swing during backward walking.
Video 2.11 (C2c69): Severe Generalized Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
Profound generalized dyskinesias affecting the head, trunk, arms, and legs, with bilateral retro-arm-swing during gait.
Video 2.12 (C2c70): Advanced PD with Unilateral Retro-Arm-Swing
Moderately severe on-state dyskinesias of the arms and trunk, accompanied by prominent right-sided retro-arm-swing during walking.
Video 2.13 (C2c71): Early-Onset PD, Motor Fluctuations, and STN-DBS
Advanced early-onset Parkinson's disease with severe motor fluctuations and dyskinesias successfully treated with STN deep brain stimulation. Residual action-induced right foot dystonia improved with trihexyphenidyl and botulinum toxin.
Video 2.14 (C2c80): Orthostatic Tremor in Parkinson's Disease
Fine high-frequency leg tremor developing after standing, relieved by light touch and walking, consistent with orthostatic tremor.
Video 2.15 (C2c81): Parkinsonian Camptocormia with Sensory Trick
Walking-induced camptocormia that improved with sensory tricks including hand positioning, backpack use, and ski poles.