Unusual Movement Disorders - Phenomenology Atlas
Video 14.1 (C14c1): Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy with Athetosis
Generalized choreoathetosis, dystonic hand posturing (Hammond’s hand), dysarthria, and impaired dexterous movements.
Video 14.2 (C14c2): Sensory Athetosis after Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Right-arm athetosis due to profound proprioceptive loss, with pseudoathetotic movements and dorsal column injury.
Video 14.3 (C14c3): Sensory Athetosis
Pseudoathetosis with dystonic hand posturing and impaired joint position sense, worsening when visual guidance is removed.
Video 14.4 (C14c4): Friedreich Ataxia with Athetosis
Severe upper-limb athetosis with sensory neuropathy, pes cavus, and areflexia.
Video 14.5 (C14c5): Idiopathic Myokymia
Worm-like undulating contractions of intrinsic foot muscles.
Video 14.6 (C14c6): Facial Myokymia from Pontine Glioma
Continuous unilateral facial myokymia associated with facial weakness and abducens palsy.
Video 14.7 (C14c7): Focal Facial Myokymia
Task-induced focal lower lip contraction with superimposed myokymia.
Video 14.8 (C14c8): Gelsolin Amyloidosis with Facial Myokymia
Periocular and facial myokymia triggered by sustained eye closure and smiling.
Video 14.9 (C14c9): Oculomasticatory and Limb Myorhythmia in Whipple Disease
Synchronous rhythmic eye, jaw, and limb movements characteristic of Whipple disease.
Video 14.10 (C14c10): Smile Tremor
Rapid oscillatory facial tremor triggered by sustained smiling.
Video 14.11 (C14c11): Bilateral Smile Tremor
Symmetric facial quivering induced by smiling.
Video 14.12 (C14c12): Oculogyric Crisis in Vascular Parkinsonism
Acute oculogyric crisis with autonomic activation, myoclonus, and parkinsonism.
Video 14.13 (C14c13): Oculogyric Crisis in Parkinson's Disease
Classic oculogyric crisis with retrocollis, dystonic posturing, and painful forced gaze deviation.
Video 14.14 (C14c14): Oculogyric Crisis in DYT-12 Dystonia
Recurrent dystonic eye deviation and posturing markedly improved by levodopa.
Video 14.15 (C14c15): Tetrabenazine-Induced Oculogyric Crisis
Drug-induced tonic upgaze, retrocollis, and dystonic posturing.
Video 14.16 (C14c16): Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Continuous rhythmic toe movements partially suppressed by sustained toe flexion.
Video 14.17 (C14c17): Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Persistent flexion-extension toe movements unaffected by distraction.
Video 14.18 (C14c18): Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Semi-rhythmic toe flexion and great toe extension.
Video 14.19 (C14c19): Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Lateral toe movements that temporarily improve during walking.
Video 14.20 (C14c20): Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Slow writhing toe movements with characteristic great toe extension.
Video 14.21 (C14c21): Painful Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Toe dyskinesias associated with painful sensory neuropathy.
Video 14.22 (C14c22): Familial Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Identical toe movements occurring in a mother and father.
Video 14.23 (C14c23): Mild Painless Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Small-amplitude lateral toe movements at rest.
Video 14.24 (C14c24): Painful Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Painful toe movements associated with persistent great toe extension.
Video 14.25 (C14c25): Bilateral Legs-Moving-Toes Syndrome
Intermittent flexion and extension movements affecting both feet.
Video 14.26 (C14c26): Painless Fingers-Moving-Hand Syndrome
Semi-rhythmic involuntary finger movements resembling the upper-limb counterpart of PLMT.
Video 14.27 (C14c27): Periodic Limb Movements While Awake
Repetitive triple-flexion leg movements occurring during wakefulness.
Video 14.28 (C14c28): Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizure (LGI1)
Brief dystonic movements spreading from face to ipsilateral arm.
Video 14.29 (C14c29): LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis with FBDS
Faciobrachial dystonic seizures with associated generalized chorea.
Video 14.30 (C14c30): Belly Dancer's Dyskinesia
Undulating involuntary contractions of the anterior abdominal wall.
Video 14.31 (C14c31): Abdominal Wall Dystonia with Truncal Tilt
Task-related truncal tilt caused by hypertrophic abdominal musculature, improved with botulinum toxin.
Video 14.32 (C14c32): Dystonic Camptocormia
Jerky forward trunk flexion responsive to ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin therapy.
Video 14.33 (C14c33): Benign Neonatal Quivering
Semi-rhythmic neonatal leg and trunk movements.
Video 14.34 (C14c34): Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis of Infancy
Recurrent episodes of sustained torticollis in an otherwise healthy infant.
Video 14.35 (C14c35): Benign Infantile Stereotypies
Hand-flapping stereotypies during excitement and anticipation.
Video 14.36 (C14c36): Benign Tonic Upgaze of Infancy
Brief episodes of upward eye deviation without alteration of consciousness.
Video 14.37 (C14c37): Benign Tonic Upgaze with Arm Elevation
Recurrent tonic upgaze episodes accompanied by transient arm elevation.
Video 14.38 (C14c38): PINK1 Juvenile Parkinson Disease
Early-onset severe parkinsonism, dystonia, levodopa responsiveness, dyskinesias, and DBS benefit.
Video 14.39 (C14c39): Chemotherapy-Induced Parkinsonism
Profound akinetic-rigid syndrome following intrathecal chemotherapy with levodopa responsiveness.
Video 14.40 (C14c40): DHPR Deficiency
Infantile hypotonia with head lag and developmental motor impairment.
Video 14.41 (C14c41): PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration
Parkinsonism, dystonia, slow vertical saccades, and pyramidal features.
Video 14.42 (C14c42): WARS2-Associated Juvenile Parkinsonism
Childhood-onset parkinsonism with resting leg tremor and progressive speech impairment.
Video 14.43 (C14c43): Juvenile Parkinsonism Syndrome
Atremulous parkinsonism with dysarthria, hypophonia, and cerebellar gait impairment.
Video 14.44 (C14c44): Genetic Early-Onset Parkinsonism
Severe facial masking, sialorrhea, cogwheeling, and delayed voluntary movements.
Video 14.45 (C14c45): Tardive Akathisia
Inner restlessness accompanied by continuous voluntary-relief movements.
Video 14.46 (C14c46): Severe Tardive Akathisia
Persistent inability to remain still driven by overwhelming subjective restlessness.
Video 14.47 (C14c47): Chronic Akathisia Syndrome
Continuous rocking and inability to sit quietly due to severe restlessness.
Video 14.48 (C14c48): Akathisia with Respiratory Involvement
Continuous torso and leg movements relieved by ambulation.
Video 14.49 (C14c49): Severe Psychiatric Ward Akathisia
Continuous stepping movements with associated tardive dyskinesia.
Video 14.50 (C14c50): Tardive Dyskinesia with Akathisia
Combined akathisia and OBL dyskinesias improved with tetrabenazine.
Video 14.51 (C14c51): Akathisia and Tardive Dyskinesia
Marked akathisia and generalized involuntary movements responsive to clozapine.
Video 14.52 (C14c52): Valbenazine-Responsive Akathisia
Combined akathisia and tardive dyskinesia resolving with VMAT2 inhibition.
Video 14.53 (C14c53): Mild Orobuccolingual (OBL) Dyskinesia
Subtle lip pursing and tongue darting.
Video 14.54 (C14c54): Severe OBL Dyskinesia
Continuous jaw, tongue, and lip movements with sensory trick benefit.
Video 14.55 (C14c55): Painful OBL Dyskinesia
Lip and tongue movements associated with painful oral dyskinesias.
Video 14.56 (C14c56): Tardive OBL Dyskinesia
Continuous jaw, tongue, and lip dyskinesias.
Video 14.57 (C14c57): Generalized Tardive Dyskinesia
OBL dyskinesias accompanied by choreiform limb and trunk movements.
Video 14.58 (C14c58): Tardive Jaw Dystonia with Sensory Trick
Jaw deviation improved by biting a syringe.
Video 14.59 (C14c59): Lateral Jaw Dystonia
Persistent jaw deviation and tongue popping relieved by cheek traction.
Video 14.60 (C14c60): OBL Dyskinesia with Sensory Trick
Tongue, jaw, platysma, and lip movements reduced by lip touch.
Video 14.61 (C14c61): Tardive Dyskinesia and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
Jaw and tongue dyskinesias ameliorated by sensory tricks.
Video 14.62 (C14c62): Severe OBL Dyskinesia Affecting Eating
Marked oral dyskinesia causing food expulsion, improved with clozapine.
Video 14.63 (C14c63): Tremulous Lip Dyskinesia
Rhythmic oscillatory lip movements resembling a “kissing gourami.”
Video 14.64 (C14c64): Severe OBL Dyskinesia with Speech Impairment
Tongue protrusion and jaw opening improved by oral sensory tricks.
Video 14.65 (C14c65): Jaw Dystonia with Paradoxical Improvement During Speech
Circular jaw movements suppressed transiently by speaking.
Video 14.66 (C14c66): Speech-Induced Tongue Dystonia
Tongue protrusion causing dysarthria, dramatically improved with oral sensory trick.
Video 14.67 (C14c67): Severe OBL Dyskinesia
Tongue thrusting and jaw movements improving with sensory tricks.
Video 14.68 (C14c68): Speech-Induced Orofacial Dystonia
Jaw displacement and tongue protrusion triggered by speaking.
Video 14.69 (C14c69): Tardive Craniomandibular Dystonia
Jaw and eyelid dystonia responsive to sensory tricks and tetrabenazine.
Video 14.70 (C14c70): Severe Tardive Cervical Dystonia
Fixed torticollis with blepharospasm impairing ambulation.
Video 14.71 (C14c71): Tardive Meige Syndrome
Blepharospasm, jaw-opening dystonia, tongue protrusion, and sensory-trick dependence.
Video 14.72 (C14c72): Speech-Induced Jaw Dystonia
Jaw opening and tongue movements causing dysarthria during speech.
Video 14.73 (C14c73): Tardive Blepharospasm
Severe involuntary eye closure with eyelid fluttering.
Video 14.74 (C14c74): Tardive Dyskinesia with Foot Stereotypies
OBL dyskinesias associated with repetitive foot movements.
Video 14.75 (C14c75): Cervical Dystonia with Powerful Sensory Trick
Right torticollis improved immediately by jaw touch.
Video 14.76 (C14c76): Cervical Dystonia
Prominent rightward torticollis worsened during walking.
Video 14.77 (C14c77): Cervical Dystonia with Head Tilt
Left laterocollis improved by touching the head.
Video 14.78 (C14c78): Dynamic Cervical Dystonia
Action-induced torticollis improving during backward walking.
Video 14.79 (C14c79): Anterior Sagittal Shift Dystonia
Anterior head shift partially relieved by sensory tricks and wall contact.
Video 14.80 (C14c80): Toe Stereotypies
Regular repetitive toe flexion stereotypies activated by upper-limb movements.
Video 14.81 (C14c81): Tardive Limb Dystonia
Posture-dependent right-arm dystonia associated with mild OBL dyskinesia.
Video 14.82 (C14c82): Mild Tardive Axial Dystonia
Minimal abnormal movements with slight neck extension.
Video 14.83 (C14c83): Truncal Dystonia Responsive to GPi DBS
Severe camptocormia markedly improved with pallidal stimulation.
Video 14.84 (C14c84): Generalized Tardive Dystonia
Severe torticollis, respiratory dyskinesia, jaw-opening dystonia, and limb dystonia.
Video 14.85 (C14c85): Cervical and Axial Dystonia with Sensory Tricks
Anterocaput, opisthotonic posturing, and wall-responsive sensory tricks.
Video 14.86 (C14c86): PKAN with Parkinsonism and Dystonia
Risor grin, dystonia, and mild parkinsonism with preserved gait.
Video 14.87 (C14c87): Classic PKAN (Eye-of-the-Tiger Sign)
Generalized dystonia, retrocollis, mild parkinsonism, and characteristic MRI findings.
Video 14.88 (C14c88): Advanced PKAN
Severe dystonia, retrocollis, opisthotonus, and extreme writing impairment.
Video 14.89 (C14c89): Childhood PKAN
Risor grin, upper-limb dystonia, and preserved ambulation.
Video 14.90 (C14c90): Progressive PKAN
Evolution from mild parkinsonism to severe dystonia and dysphagia.
Video 14.91 (C14c91): Dystonic Storm in PKAN
Severe retrocollis, opisthotonus, jaw dystonia, and limb posturing.
Video 14.92 (C14c92): Mild Adult PKAN
Subtle parkinsonism with writing-induced tremor and eye-of-the-tiger MRI sign.
Video 14.93 (C14c93): Advanced PKAN with Postural Instability
Parkinsonism, dystonia, retropulsion, and prominent risor grin.
Video 14.94 (C14c94): PLA2G6 Neurodegeneration Imaging
Cerebellar atrophy in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
Video 14.95 (C14c95): BPAN with Parkinsonism
Atremulous parkinsonism and slow spastic gait.
Video 14.96 (C14c96): FAHN Syndrome
Parkinsonism, spasticity, dysarthria, and cerebellar atrophy with iron deposition.
Video 14.97 (C14c97): Wilson Disease with Intention Tremor
Low-frequency kinetic tremor and visible Kayser-Fleischer rings.
Video 14.98 (C14c98): Wilson Disease with Parkinsonism
Postural tremor, mild parkinsonism, and giant panda sign on MRI.
Video 14.99 (C14c99): Wilson Disease with Dystonia and Parkinsonism
Asymmetric dystonia, risor grin, KF rings, and improvement after copper chelation.
Video 14.100 (C14c100): Wilson Disease with Wing-Beating Tremor
Mixed parkinsonian and cerebellar tremor with classic wing-beating tremor.
Video 14.101 (C14c101): Wilson Disease with Generalized Dystonia
Cervical and limb dystonia, hypophonia, and residual KF ring changes.
Video 14.102 (C14c102): Progressive Wilson Disease
Worsening dystonia and parkinsonism related to poor treatment compliance.
Video 14.103 (C14c103): Severe Wilson Disease
Anarthria, dystonia, parkinsonism, spasticity, and marked postural instability.
Video 14.104 (C14c104): Wilson Disease with Leg Tremor
Mild dystonia, risor grin, and irregular resting leg tremor.
Video 14.105 (C14c105): Fahr Disease with Minimal Symptoms
Mild reduction in arm swing despite extensive basal ganglia calcification.
Video 14.106 (C14c106): Fahr Disease with Mild Chorea
Subtle chorea in the setting of widespread basal ganglia calcifications.
Video 14.107 (C14c107): Fahr Disease with Generalized Chorea
Mild chorea accentuated by cognitive activation.
Video 14.108 (C14c108): Fahr Disease with Oculomotor Apraxia
Oculomotor apraxia, mild chorea, and extensive cerebral calcifications.
Video 14.109 (C14c109): Fahr Disease with Orobuccal Dyskinesia
Mild oral dyskinesias and intermittent upper-limb chorea.
Video 14.110 (C14c110): Fahr Disease with Generalized Dystonia
Blepharospasm, torticollis, jaw dystonia, and writer's cramp.
Video 14.111 (C14c111): Fahr Disease with Freezing of Gait
Parkinsonism, ideomotor apraxia, and severe cue-responsive freezing.
Video 14.112 (C14c112): Bulbar Myasthenia Gravis
Fatigable dysarthria and dysphagia with worsening speech over time.
Video 14.113 (C14c113): Bulbar ALS
Dysarthria, breathy voice, tongue fasciculations, and preserved gait.
Video 14.114 (C14c114): Progressive Bulbar ALS
Hypophonic dysarthria with increasing respiratory effort.
Video 14.115 (C14c115): ALS with Tongue Fasciculations
Hypophonia, diplophonia, and fasciculating tongue without significant atrophy.
Video 14.116 (C14c116): ALS with Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Signs
Hand muscle wasting, hyperreflexia, clonus, and gait impairment.
Video 14.117 (C14c117): Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS)
Spastic dysarthria, pseudoparkinsonian slowness, hyperreflexia, and spastic gait.
Video 14.118 (C14c118): Advanced PLS
Spastic speech, emotional incontinence, hyperreflexia, and severe gait impairment.
Video 14.119 (C14c119): Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with Myoclonus
Positive and negative myoclonus causing reverse asterixis.
Video 14.120 (C14c120): Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with Parkinsonism
Rapidly progressive parkinsonism with freezing, festination, and stereotyped hand movements.
Video 14.121 (C14c121): Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP)
Spastic gait, ankle clonus, and diffuse hyperreflexia.
Video 14.122 (C14c122): Complicated HSP
Bradykinesia, cerebellar signs, and marked pyramidal findings.
Video 14.123 (C14c123): HSP with Sensory Ataxia
Spastic gait, impaired vibration sense, and cerebellar abnormalities.
Video 14.124 (C14c124): SPG7-Associated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Spastic ataxic gait, cerebellar signs, and confirmed SPG7 mutation.