Huntington Disease (HD): Cases 1–30
Video 11.1 (C11c1): Early Huntington Disease
Mild generalized chorea, motor impersistence, blink-assisted saccades, and genetically confirmed HD (42 CAG repeats).
Video 11.2 (C11c2): Very Early Huntington Disease
Subtle distal chorea activated by concentration with minimal neurological impairment.
Video 11.3 (C11c3): Huntington Disease Mimicking Cerebral Palsy
Dystonic choreoathetosis, pseudobulbar speech, and positive HD genetic testing (43 CAG repeats).
Video 11.4 (C11c4): Mild to Moderate Huntington Disease
Generalized chorea, head-thrust saccades, motor impersistence, and gait instability.
Video 11.5 (C11c5): Mild Huntington Disease
Subtle facial and distal limb chorea with otherwise preserved neurologic function.
Video 11.6 (C11c6): Early Huntington Disease with Retro-Arm Swing
Mild generalized chorea and characteristic posterior arm displacement during gait.
Video 11.7 (C11c7): Early Huntington Disease with Behavioral Features
Mild chorea and emerging irritability responsive to olanzapine.
Video 11.8 (C11c8): Mild Huntington Disease (39 CAG Repeats)
Generalized chorea with motor impersistence and preserved long-term function.
Video 11.9 (C11c9): Huntington Disease with Behavioral Disinhibition
Generalized chorea and later development of socially disruptive vocal behaviors.
Video 11.10 (C11c10): Huntington Disease with Emotional Lability
Generalized chorea, motor impersistence, and mild gait dysfunction.
Video 11.11 (C11c11): Moderate Huntington Disease
Prominent generalized chorea causing impaired balance and improved by olanzapine.
Video 11.12 (C11c12): Reduced-Penetrance Huntington Disease
Mild generalized chorea with 33 CAG repeats and response to valbenazine.
Video 11.13 (C11c13): Impulsive Huntington Disease
Moderate generalized chorea with behavioral impulsivity and activation by movement.
Video 11.14 (C11c14): Huntington Disease with Oculomotor Dysfunction
Generalized chorea, motor impersistence, impaired vertical saccadic initiation, and gait instability.
Video 11.15 (C11c15): Moderate Huntington Disease with Dysarthria
Continuous chorea, slowed saccades, dysarthria, and impaired coordination.
Video 11.16 (C11c16): Severe Choreic Huntington Disease
Profound generalized chorea causing major gait and balance disability.
Video 11.17 (C11c17): Huntington Disease with Falls and Subdural Hematomas
Mild chorea associated with recurrent falls and significant intracranial injury.
Video 11.18 (C11c18): Huntington Disease with Cognitive and Affective Changes
Prominent chorea, apathy, motor impersistence, and 51 CAG repeats.
Video 11.19 (C11c19): Mild Huntington Disease Responsive to Olanzapine
Generalized chorea and balance impairment improved with treatment.
Video 11.20 (C11c20): Huntington Disease Treated with Valbenazine
Moderate chorea causing gait instability with symptomatic improvement on VMAT2 inhibition.
Video 11.21 (C11c21): Juvenile/High-Repeat Huntington Disease Phenotype
Cognitive impairment, slowed vertical saccades, hyperreflexia, and 61 CAG repeats.
Video 11.22 (C11c24–25): Advanced Huntington Disease
Severe chorea, cognitive decline, ballistic movements, marked motor impersistence, and profound gait dysfunction.
Video 11.23 (C11c26): Late-Stage Huntington Disease with Spasticity
Minimal residual chorea replaced by rigidity, spasticity, and clenched-fist deformities.
Video 11.24 (C11c27): End-Stage Huntington Disease
Minimally conscious state with persistent facial chorea and profound global disability.
Video 11.25 (C11c28): Advanced Huntington Disease with Myoclonus
Rigidity, painful hand contractures, and severe generalized myoclonic jerks.
Video 11.26 (C11c29): Advanced Rigid-Dystonic Huntington Disease
Explosive dysarthria, severe spasticity, clenched fists, and markedly slowed saccades.
Video 11.27 (C11c30): End-Stage Akinetic-Rigid Huntington Disease
Loss of chorea with severe oculomotor impairment, contractures, and profound disability.
Huntington Disease-Like 2 (HDL-2)
Video 11.28 (C11c45): Huntington Disease-Like 2
Moderate generalized chorea and motor impersistence with negative HTT testing and positive JPH3 expansion.
Neuroacanthocytosis (NA)
Video 11.29 (C11c46): Neuroacanthocytosis
Mild generalized chorea, severe tongue injury from self-biting, motor impersistence, and characteristic “rubber man” gait.
Video 11.30 (C11c47): Progressive Neuroacanthocytosis
Mild chorea progressing to severe feeding impairment, falls, and PEG tube dependence.
Video 11.31 (C11c48): Advanced Neuroacanthocytosis
Tongue protrusion dystonia, dysphagia, parkinsonism, areflexia, and acanthocytosis.
Benign Hereditary Chorea (BHC)
Video 11.32 (C11c49): Benign Hereditary Chorea (NKX2-1/TTF-1 Related)
Familial non-progressive chorea with parakinesia and absence of motor impersistence.
Video 11.33 (C11c50): Childhood Benign Hereditary Chorea
Generalized chorea and gait instability improving with levodopa.
Video 11.34 (C11c51): Benign Hereditary Chorea with Dystonia
Mild chorea, gait instability, and levodopa-responsive symptoms.
Video 11.35 (C11c52): Adult Benign Hereditary Chorea
Mild lifelong generalized chorea with preserved professional function.
Video 11.36 (C11c53): Mild Benign Hereditary Chorea
Distal chorea activated by concentration without motor impersistence.
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Choreas
Video 11.37 (C11c54): Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody Hemichorea
Severe right hemichorea resolving completely after immunotherapy.
Video 11.38 (C11c55): Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody Chorea
Mild generalized chorea associated with autoimmune disease.
Video 11.39 (C11c56): Crohn Disease-Associated Chorea
Generalized chorea responsive to tetrabenazine.
Video 11.40 (C11c57): Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody Chorea
Moderate generalized chorea with marked activation by concentration.
Sydenham Chorea
Video 11.41 (C11c58–59): Sydenham Chorea
Childhood generalized chorea with hypotonia, milkmaid grip, and gait impairment.
Video 11.42 (C11c60): Mild Sydenham Chorea
Generalized chorea, emotional lability, and impaired balance.
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Video 11.43 (C11c61): LGI1 Antibody-Associated Chorea
Asymmetric chorea resolving after corticosteroid treatment.
Video 11.44 (C11c62): NMDA Receptor Encephalitis with Orofacial Dyskinesias
Classic oral-facial stereotypies and encephalopathic state.
Video 11.45 (C11c63): NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Repetitive hand stereotypies in a cognitively preserved child.
Structural Chorea and Hemichorea
Video 11.46 (C11c64): Structural Hemichorea-Hemidystonia
Left hemi-chorea with dystonia, hypotonia, and ataxia.
Video 11.48 (C11c66): Structural Chorea after Pontine Hemorrhage
Mixed tremor, dystonia, and choreiform finger movements with brainstem ocular findings.
Hemiballism
Video 11.47 (C11c65): Acute Vascular Hemiballism
Violent right-sided ballistic movements due to acute stroke.
Video 11.49 (C11c67): Severe Hemiballism
Extremely violent right-sided ballistic movements requiring padding and high-dose tetrabenazine.
Video 11.50 (C11c68): Left Hemiballism with Chorea
Proximal and distal ballistic movements with milkmaid grip.
Video 11.51 (C11c69): Subthalamic Nucleus Hemiballism
Classic hemiballism due to hemorrhagic STN lesion.
Hyperglycemic Chorea/Ballism
Video 11.52 (C11c70): Nonketotic Hyperglycemia Hemiballism
Severe unilateral ballistic movements improving after glucose control and haloperidol.
Video 11.53 (C11c71): Hyperglycemic Generalized Chorea
Diffuse chorea markedly improved after metabolic correction.
Other Acquired Choreas
Video 11.54 (C11c72): Post-Pump Chorea
Mild generalized chorea following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Video 11.55 (C11c73): Biballism from Cerebral Toxoplasmosis
Generalized ballistic movements evolving into persistent hemichorea after treatment.
Video 11.56 (C11c74): Choreoathetoid Cerebral Palsy
Severe hemichorea and ballistic limb movements causing major functional impairment.